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Standards are used by producers of goods and services. They specify how an item should be made by providing exact measurements and specifications about the materials. One example of a standardized product is the light bulb. No matter what brand you purchase, the screw threads of the light bulb will probably fit your lamp. Standards ensure that there is consistency and uniformity in items being produced. The Iowa State University Library owns numerous standards. They can be found in many forms, including major sets (e.g. the ANSI and ASTM standards), individually, within industry handbooks or manuals, and within journals. Below are some general strategies for locating standards.
The bulk of the ISU Library-owned standards are located in the Standards Center, Room 161 Library, Parks Library. If you need assistance locating standards, or the Standards Center, please ask at the Reference Desk.
The citation to a standard typically has at least two parts, a number and a title. It may include more information, such as a date of revision or the number of pages. The alphabetic section of the standard number is often an acronym for the issuing body. For example, the following standard was issued by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) in 1990: ASTM F1299-90, "Standard Specification for Food Service Equipment Hoods for Cooking Appliances."
If you have a specific number:If the number is an ANSI number, e.g. ANSI B154.1-1995, first check the ANSI Standards Search--ISU Holdings page in the e-Library. If you have a standard number that is not found by this search, check the "Major Catalogs and Indexes" listed below to see if the standard was published individually or as part of a book or serial; then look for the individual standard title, the book, or the serial in the ISU Library Catalog.
If you want to find the standards of a specific organization: Be aware that the organization’s name may appear in the ISU Library Catalog in one of three ways--as the full name (e.g. American Concrete Institute), as the acronym (e.g. ACI) or as the acronym with punctuation (e.g. A.C.I.). Some organizations also have published hundreds of other types of publications, so you may need to do a keyword search combining a form of the organization’s name with the term "standards." Some other terms to try if the "standards" search does not work are "code," "specifications," "standardization," "manual," "handbook" and "standard methods."
If you have the title of a specific standard: Search one of the "Major Catalogs and Indexes" listed below for a book or serial containing the standard title needed, then check the ISU Library Catalog for that book or serial. Few individual standards are listed under their own titles in the ISU Library Catalog. If the standard you need is an ANSI standard, look up the ANSI number as described above.
If you need a standard on a very specific topic: Search one of the "Major Catalogs and Indexes" listed below by subject, looking for a standard title that corresponds to that specific topic. You may have to start your search under a broader subject category or try keyword variations.
If you need a standard on a general topic from a specific organization: Find an index for the standards of that organization (may be one listed below, part of the organization's Web page, or a printed index for the organization's standards) and check the table of contents, subject index or keyword index for your topic.
Global Engineering Documents allows online ordering of standards. The site provides standard number and title keyword searching for citations to over 235,000 technical standards from more than 460 standards developing organizations.
NSSN contains over 250,000 references to standards from more than 600 developers worldwide. It can be searched by title keyword, other keyword, document number, or organization acronym. Keyword searches may give results from multiple sources including standards that are feely available on the Web. The "Developers" section of the site includes an extensive list of standards developing organizations.
ANSI standards are located in the Standards Center, Room 161 Library of Parks Library. These standards cannot be checked out of the library. The library’s ANSI standards collection dates from the 1970s. However, this collection is not complete and the library does not own all superseded editions of ANSI standards. When ANSI adopts an existing standard, it retains the original standard number of the issuing agency and assigns an "ANSI" prefix. For example, the standard UL68 developed by Underwriters Laboratories (UL), when adopted by the American National Standards Institute, would be identified as ANSI/UL68. A comprehensive list of ANSI standards held by the ISU Library is found on the ANSI Standards Search -- ISU Holdings.
Some of the major AASHTO publications which include standards are Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing (Reference TE200 Am351x), Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges (Reference TG310 A6), and Guide Specifications for Highway Construction (General Collection TE180 G85x). Other AASHTO standards can be identified with the "Major Catalogs and Indexes" or through the AASHTO online bookstore at http://www.transportation.org
The ACI Manual of Concrete Practice (TA439 A45 Standards Center, Room 161 Library ) is one of the most frequently used publications of the American Concrete Institute. The standards and recommended practices included here also appear in the ACI Materials Journal and the ACI Structural Journal. ACI publications are generally well-indexed in the major standards catalogs, and recent publications can be found at the internet address http://www.aci-int.org
Standards of the ASAE up to 2002 are available in the General Collection (S671 .Ag847), with newer editions available online through the ASABE Technical Library.
Many ASHRAE standards are adopted by the American National Standards Institute, and can be found in ISU’s ANSI standards collection. Each of the four volumes of the ASHRAE Handbook (Reference and Design Reference TH7222 .Am351x), which itself includes no standards, contains a subject index to standards published by various groups, including ASHRAE, that focus on heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration. ASHRAE standards can be searched in the bookstore on the society's website:http://www.ashrae.org
The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (TJ281 .A45 Standards Center, Room 161 Library), no longer received on a current subscription, is still the largest set of ASME standards owned by the ISU Library. The library also owns individual ASME standards adopted by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These can be found in ISU’s ANSI standards collection. A searchable index of ASME standards is available at the society’s website: http://www.asme.org/catalog/
The ASTM standards are located in a single set called The Annual Book of ASTM Standards (Reference Tables TA405 .Am35a). The first volume of the set, volume 00.01, is a subject and numerical index to the entire set. The ISU Library currently receives every other edition of this annually published standards set. Older ASTM standards are available in the General Collection. A searchable index of ASTM standards is also available in the "ASTM Store" section of the society’s website: http://www.astm.org/
The General Services Administration is charged with the responsibility for preparing standards, often called government specifications, government specs, or government standards, for common items used by U. S. Government agencies. The standards volumes Federal Specifications - US Federal Supply Service (T53 .Un3f) and Federal Test Method Standard (T53 .Unf3ft) are housed at the ISU Library in the Standards Center, Room 161 Library. Some of these standards can also be located online through the DoD web page at http://assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/ or the Index of Federal Specifications and Standards at http://apps.fss.gsa.gov/pub/fedspecs/index.cfm
Many standards are incorporated into the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) (Reference KF70 .A33). The Code of Federal Regulations is indexed by the CFR Index and Finding Aids (Reference KF70 .A33) and the Index to the Code of Federal Regulations (Reference KF70 .A34 I46). The CFR is kept up to date between revisions by individual issues of the Federal Register (Reference KF70 .A2). These two publications must be used together to ascertain the latest date of any given regulation. Federal regulations are available through the World Wide Web at the following address: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html
The ISU Library maintains current subscriptions to a number of building codes from the International Code Council (ICC) formed in 1994 by the consolidation of three earlier standards developing organizations (BOCA, ICBO, SBCCI). These codes include the International Building Code (Reference or Design TH223 .I57x), the International Mechanical Code (Reference TH6010 .I58x), the International Plumbing Code (Reference K3542 .I58), and the International Energy Conservation Code (latest ed. Design Reference, next-to-latest ed. Parks Reference K2538 .I5835). There are also building codes and standards not held by the ISU Library, many of which are indexed in the "Major Indexes and Catalogs" listed above.
Many of the IEEE standards, though not all, have been adopted by the American National Standards Institute, e.g., the National Electrical Safety Code, ANSI C2. ANSI/IEEE standards and other IEEE standards can also be identified and accessed in full text through the IEEE/IEE Electronic Library (IEL), available to ISU faculty, staff and students through the ISU Library web site.
The ISO was formed in 1947 as a non-governmental federation of standardization bodies, and includes the national standards institutes of nearly 150 countries. The United States is represented by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The ISO publishes international standards and technical reports on all subjects except those involved with electrical and electrotechnical industries. The best known ISO standards are the 9000 series, for quality management and quality assurance, and the 14000 series, for environmental management systems and environmental auditing. The ISU Library has a number of books on implementing ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 series standards, which can be found with a keyword search for "ISO 9000" or "ISO 14000" in the Library Catalog. Other International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards owned by Parks Library can be found in the ANSI standards collection under the heading "ANSI/ISO". The ISU Library owns the ISO Catalogue (Reference T59 .A11 I5), which is an index to all ISO standards. The ISO Catalogue is also part of the ISO Web site at http://www.iso.ch/. The library also has reprints of ISO standards as part of a series called ISO Standards Handbook. Use the "Series Title" search in the library catalog to find information-specific volumes in the series. With few exceptions, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards are generally not held in the ISU Library. The IEC standards that are owned are filed with the ANSI standards collection under the heading "ANSI/ISO/IEC." The IEC is affiliated with the ISO as its electrical division, but retains financial and technical autonomy. The IEC issues recommendations which are intended to serve as the basis for national standards. Most IEC standards are not listed in the ISO Catalogue, but the IEC Webstore lists them all at http://www.iec.ch/.
Military procurement specifications and standards are generally not available at the ISU Library. However, they can be acquired for a nominal fee from the Department of Defense Single Stock Point: DODSSP, Building 4/Section D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111 (215-697-2179). The library does have a printed index to all specifications and standards adopted by the Department of Defense called the Index of Specifications and Standards--Department of Defense, or DODISS (UC263 Un295i, Standards Center, Room 161 Library). Part I is a numerical Listing; Part II is an alphabetical listing; Part III consists of the Federal Supply Classification Listing, and Part IV consists of a listing of canceled standards. An electronic index to more than 100,000 specifications and standards, many linked in full text for free, is available at: http://assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/. MilSpecs are official Department of Defense and DoD-Adopted Federal agency design and performance standardization documents contained in the DoD Index of Specifications and Standards (DODISS).
Developed and updated by the National Aerospace Standards Committee of the AIA, the National Aerospace Standards (TL671.1 N36x 1900z) and Metric National Aerospace Standards (TL521 N37x 1978) include many standards on precision fasteners as well as other aerospace hardware. Also searchable online at: http://www.techstreet.com/aiagate.html
National Electrical Code see National Fire Codes.
This compilation of National Fire Protection Association codes, standards, recommended practice and guides (TH9115 .N213n, Standards Center Room 161 Library) is published annually in multiple volumes, which include an index volume. The National Electrical Code, also known as NFPA 70 or ANSI/NFPA 70 is included in this set.
NISO "identifies, develops, maintains, and publishes technical standards to manage information in our changing and ever more digital environment." NISO standards such as Z39.50 are available as ANSI standards and are also in free full text online format at: http://www.niso.org
The Library has several dozen NIST and NSB serials titles listed in the ISU Library Catalog. The NIST Standards and Technical Regulations home page can be found at: http://ts.nist.gov/ts/htdocs/210/ssd.htm The site contains some full text standards (organized under various "programs").
These safety and health standards are located in Title 29, Part 1910 of the Code of Federal Regulations (Reference Tables KF70 A3), which includes a comprehensive subject index. An electronic version of the standards with a searchable index is available at: http://www.osha.gov/comp-links.html
SAE groups its standards into three sections: Ground Vehicle Standards, Aerospace Standards, and Aerospace Material Specifications. Full text of SAE Ground Vehicle Standards, Recommended Practices, and Information Reports can be found in the SAE Handbook (on CDROM in the Standards Center, Room 161 Library). The volume Aerospace Material Specifications (AMS) is in the General Collection (TL950 .A37x). The ISU Library has an index to the SAE Aerospace Standards, SAE Aerospace Standards Index (on CDROM in the Standards Center, Room 161 Library), but does not own the aerospace standards set. Individual SAE standards adopted by the American National Standards Institute can be found on the ANSI standards shelves and are listed in the Catalog of American National Standards. Descriptions of individual SAE standards are available through subject groupings at the society’s website: http://www.sae.org/products/standards/stdsinfo/individu.htm.
These specifications (TE180 U65, Standards Center Room 161 Library) are published by the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. The most recent edition is also online at http://www.efl.fhwa.dot.gov/design/design.htm.
The ISU Library does not have a current subscription to the UL Standards. UL standards adopted by the American National Standards Institute are filed in the ANSI standards cabinets (Standards Center, Room 161 Library), and listed in the Catalog of American National Standards. The UL Standards for Safety Catalog can be accessed online at http://ulstandardsinfonet.ul.com.
W3C contributes to efforts to standardize Web technologies by producing specifications (called "Recommendations") that describe the building blocks of the Web, such as HTML and XML. W3C makes these recommendations and other technical reports freely available thorough http://www.w3.org/.
It is sometimes possible to use Interlibrary Loan (ILL) to borrow standards not owned by the ISU Library and/or have the library purchase a standard you need. Work with the Reference Desk staff to be sure that the needed standard is not already owned by the ISU Library. If the standard cannot be located in the ISU collection, the Reference Desk staff will check WorldCat to see how likely it will be to get it on ILL. Those not listed in WorldCat may be better to request through our purchase on-demand process instead of ILL - contact Lorrie Pellack (pellack@iastate.edu) with the requester's name, ISUCard ID number (required to verify ISU affiliation) and a citation for the standard. The full title and the number of the individual standard are the most important pieces of information to provide (e.g. ASHRAE standard 113 - "Method of Testing for Room Air Diffusion"). The date of publication of the standard and the number of pages are also useful.
If you do not have an ISU ID, you are not eligible to use ILL or the purchase on-demand process. You will need to purchase the standard directly from the document supplier. We recommend using IHS Global Engineering. Be sure to check their website (http://www.global.ihs.com) to find purchase cost and verify your standard is available. Orders can be placed by calling them at 800-854-7179.
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